July 28, 2025

Nepal’s forests are home to two fascinating bear species: the Himalayan black bear (Ursus thibetanus) and the sloth bear (Melursus ursinus). These forest giants play important ecological roles, maintaining forest health and biodiversity while captivating wildlife enthusiasts with their unique behaviors.

Himalayan Black Bear

  • Habitat: Found in temperate forests of mid-hills and lower Himalayas, typically between 1,200 and 3,600 meters elevation. Common in areas like Langtang National Park, Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park, and eastern forest regions.
  • Appearance: Medium-sized with a distinctive white or cream “V” or crescent-shaped patch on the chest. Thick black fur helps adapt to cold mountainous habitats.
  • Behavior: Mostly nocturnal and omnivorous, feeding on fruits, insects, small mammals, and carrion. They hibernate during winter months in higher elevations.
  • Conservation Status: Vulnerable due to habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict, and poaching.

Sloth Bear

  • Habitat: Prefers lowland and subtropical forests of the Terai and Siwalik foothills, including Chitwan, Bardia, and Shuklaphanta National Parks.
  • Appearance: Shaggy black coat, long snout, and a distinctive white chest mark shaped like a “Y” or “V.” Known for their long claws used for digging termite mounds.
  • Behavior: Primarily nocturnal, feeding on termites, ants, fruits, and honey. Known for their unique sucking noise while foraging.
  • Conservation Status: Vulnerable due to habitat encroachment and poaching.

Ecological Importance

Both bear species are vital for forest ecosystems:

  • Seed Dispersal: They help in dispersing seeds from the fruits they consume.
  • Pest Control: Sloth bears regulate insect populations by feeding on termites and ants.
  • Soil Aeration: Their digging behavior improves soil health.

Where to See Himalayan Black Bear and Sloth Bear

  • Himalayan Black Bear: Langtang National Park, Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park, Kanchenjunga Conservation Area
  • Sloth Bear: Chitwan National Park, Bardia National Park, Shuklaphanta National Park

Responsible Viewing Tips

  • Bears are shy and mostly nocturnal; sightings require patience and luck.
  • Maintain a safe distance and avoid startling them.
  • Use experienced guides who understand bear behavior.
  • Respect their habitat and minimize disturbance.

Himalayan Black Bear & Sloth Bear: At a Glance

SpeciesHabitat RangeKey Protected AreasDietConservation Status
Himalayan Black BearTemperate forests (1,200–3,600 m)Langtang, Shivapuri, KanchenjungaFruits, insects, small mammalsVulnerable (IUCN Red List)
Sloth BearTerai and Siwalik forestsChitwan, Bardia, ShuklaphantaTermites, ants, fruits, honeyVulnerable (IUCN Red List)