July 28, 2025

Bardia National Park in western Nepal is a lesser-known gem for travelers seeking authentic jungle experiences. Spanning over 960 km² of pristine wilderness, Bardia is not just home to tigers, elephants, and gharials—its diverse vegetation zones are a major part of its ecological richness.

From towering sal trees to riverine grasses and medicinal plants, understanding Bardia’s flora helps travelers see the jungle through a new lens.

Vegetation Types in Bardia National Park

1. Sal Forests (Shorea robusta)

  • Dominant forest type, especially in drier uplands and core zones.
  • These tall, deciduous trees form dense canopies and are essential to wildlife—offering food, shelter, and breeding grounds.
  • Sal leaves are traditionally used by locals for making eco-friendly plates (tapari).

2. Mixed Hardwood Forests

  • Found in areas where sal mixes with other species like saj (Terminalia alata), karma, and asna.
  • These forests support a wider variety of bird species and small mammals.
  • Understory includes shrubs, climbers, and ferns.

3. Riverine Forests and Wetlands

  • Located along the Babai and Karnali Rivers.
  • Composed of species like khair (Acacia catechu), sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo), and fig trees.
  • These zones attract birds, otters, and occasional swamp deer.

4. Grasslands and Savannahs (Phantas)

  • Open grassy plains such as Bagaura Phanta and Tulsipur Phanta.
  • Grass species include siru (Imperata cylindrica) and kans (Saccharum spontaneum)—essential for rhino, elephant, and herbivores.
  • Burned annually to rejuvenate growth and improve wildlife viewing.

Notable Flora and Medicinal Plants in Bardia

  • Sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo): Known for strong timber and found near rivers.
  • Acacia catechu (Khair): Source of “katha,” used in Ayurvedic medicine and betel nut preparation.
  • Terminalia bellirica (Barro) and Terminalia chebula (Harro): Both used in “Triphala” tonic.
  • Artemisia (Titepati): A healing herb used in both rituals and traditional medicine.
  • Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari): Found in forest understory, used as a female reproductive tonic.

Best Time and Places to Explore Flora in Bardia

  • Winter to early spring (Nov–Mar): Ideal for wildlife viewing and forest walks with dry undergrowth and open canopy.
  • Monsoon and post-monsoon (Jun–Oct): Jungle turns lush and green; medicinal herbs thrive.
  • Places to explore:
    • Thakurdwara area (near park HQ): Easy access to sal forests and riverine habitats.
    • Babai Valley: Remote and biodiverse area, rich in rare medicinal plants.
    • Karnali Floodplains: Excellent for birding, aquatic vegetation, and fig trees.

Traveler Tips

  • Join a jungle walk or jeep safari with a local naturalist—they can help you spot rare plants and explain their uses.
  • Visit a community forest or Tharu village to learn how locals use forest products sustainably.
  • Carry bug repellent and long clothing—the thick forests and grasses are home to insects too.