July 29, 2025

In Bhutan, the loom is not just a tool—it is a portal into centuries of tradition, spiritual expression, and regional identity. Weaving, known as “thagzo”, is considered one of the 13 traditional arts and crafts of Bhutan (Zorig Chusum) and is practiced across the country, primarily by women, with exceptional variations by region.

A Living Tradition

In rural villages, looms hum in the morning sun, often set up in open verandas. Weaving is passed down matrilineally, and Bhutanese girls often begin learning the craft in their teens. The patterns woven are not only beautiful but also codify social status, spiritual beliefs, and even royal decrees.

From everyday wear to ceremonial outfits worn during Tsechus (festivals) and weddings, the importance of woven cloth in Bhutanese life cannot be overstated. Each piece is a work of devotion and patience, with some complex silk pieces taking up to a year to complete.

Types of Weaving

  • Kushuthara: A signature women’s kira (dress) pattern from Lhuentse, requiring intricate supplementary weft designs.
  • Mathra and Aikapur: Simple but striking patterns typically worn by monks or used for ghos (men’s national dress).
  • Yathra: Colorful woolen weaves from Bumthang, often used for blankets, jackets, and cushions.

Weaving styles vary dramatically from east to west, with eastern Bhutan (especially Lhuentse and Trashigang) producing the most elaborate silks, while central Bhutan specializes in thicker woolens for practical use.

Cultural Significance

Weaving is intimately tied to Buddhist belief. Certain patterns are said to offer protection, or to be auspicious for specific life events. The colors used in ceremonial textiles also correspond to the five elements and the five wisdom Buddhas in Vajrayana Buddhism.

Even Bhutan’s national identity is woven—literally. The royal family has long supported weaving traditions, and the Queen Mother Ashi Sangay Choden Wangchuck is a vocal patron of Bhutan’s textile heritage. National holidays and important occasions are marked by the wearing of elaborate woven ghos and kiras.

Where to See and Buy Textiles

  • National Textile Museum in Thimphu: For a curated look at Bhutan’s finest traditional and contemporary works.
  • Weaving centers in Lhuentse, Trashigang, and Zhemgang: Ideal for travelers wanting to see weavers at work.
  • Chumey valley in Bumthang: Best known for yathra production.
  • Handicraft markets in Thimphu and Paro: Offer selections of both heritage and modern textile interpretations.

To ensure fair trade and cultural authenticity, look for items made by local cooperatives or government-endorsed artisan groups.

Whether you’re admiring the intricate brocade of a royal kira or bringing home a handwoven scarf, Bhutanese textiles offer more than beauty—they are threads of a living heritage you can touch.