July 29, 2025

Step into Bhutan, and one of the first things you’ll notice is the elegant attire worn by nearly every citizen. The gho and kira, Bhutan’s national dress for men and women respectively, are not just clothing—they’re a declaration of cultural identity, pride, and state policy.

What is the Gho?

The gho is a knee-length robe worn by men, gathered at the waist with a cloth belt called a kera. It creates a pouch above the belt (known as hemchu) that traditionally served as a handy storage space for betel nut, papers, or even small packages.

Accessories include:

  • Kabney: A ceremonial scarf, color-coded by rank or profession.
  • Tego: An inner jacket for formal occasions.

What is the Kira?

The kira is a long, rectangular piece of woven cloth, wrapped around the body and secured at the shoulders with silver brooches (called koma) and around the waist with a wonju (inner blouse) and kera.

On formal occasions, women wear an additional jacket called a toego, often in vibrant contrasting colors.

A National Policy—and a Symbol

Since the 1980s, Bhutan’s national dress has been mandated in schools, government offices, and formal public spaces. The policy is meant to promote unity and preserve cultural heritage. What’s remarkable is how warmly Bhutanese people embrace this rule—viewing the gho and kira as daily expressions of national pride.

Colors, Fabrics, and Meaning

Textiles used in national dress can be cotton, wool, or silk, depending on region, occasion, and social status. For example:

  • Simple cotton ghos for daily use
  • Intricate kira with brocade patterns for weddings or Tsechus
  • Silk kabneys reserved for ministers, monks, or royalty

Each pattern and weave often carries symbolic meaning, tied to blessings, protection, and prosperity.

Can Travelers Wear Them?

Yes—and you’re encouraged to, especially at formal events or dzongs (fortresses). Wearing traditional dress as a guest is a sign of respect. Most tour companies can provide sets and guide you on proper wear.

Wearing the gho or kira isn’t about mimicry—it’s a respectful step into the rhythm of Bhutanese life.